Manufacturing Process Comparison

Manufacturing ProcessTypical Lead Time (Dependent on Order Volume)Typical Part Yearly VolumeApprox. Part SizeRelative Tooling or Set-up CostRelative Cost per Part after Set-upApplicationsLimitations
Traditional Tooling (wood or urethane), Chemically Bonded Sand (nobake)6 to 12 weeks (including tooling build time)Medium to High5lb to 4000lb$$$$$More cost-effective for higher volume parts.Engineering changes to modify the pattern equipment requires time and incurs cost. Complex part geometries may increase tooling costs
Machined Foam Pattern, Ceramic Shell4 to 8 weeks (including foam machining time)Low5lb to 2500lb$$$Quicker lead times for low volume parts. Capable of more complex part designs than traditional tooling.Thin section sizes are sometimes not possible.
Blown Foam Pattern, Ceramic Shell20 to 26 weeks (including foam die build time)Very High5lb to 500lb$$$$$$$$More cost-effective for higher volume parts than machined foam.High set-up cost and time. Engineering changes to modify the pattern equipment requires time and incurs cost.
3D Printed Pattern, Ceramic Shell6 to 8 weeksLow5lb to 2500lb$$$$Rapid prototyping or complex part designs.More expensive than foam patterns.
3D Printed Sand Mold and Core6 to 8 weeksVery Low50lb to 1000lb$$$$$$Rapid prototyping or complex part designs.Not cost-effective for more than a few parts.
Patternless Milled Mold4 to 8 weeksLow50lb to 2500lb$$$$Large and complex part designs.No hard tooling.

Note: All manufacturing processes require at least a 2D engineering drawing, however a 3D model expedites the processes.